Attila: The Barbarian King Who Challenged Rome
By John Man
Thomas Dunne Books, $17.95, 336 pages
Reviewed by Bob Willis
He lived 1,600 years ago; he and his followers left no grand monuments, no public works, no cultural impact, few artifacts and no heritage to speak of. With one exception: The name of Attila is synonymous in most of the Western world with ruthlessness and cruelty, and the word Hun conjures up a fierce and warlike folk.
Undertaking a book about Attila the Hun meant, for a wide-ranging historian like John Man, a constant effort to separate myth from reality. Attila was the sort of figure who inspired legends, and little definite is known about him or his origins. Man agrees with those who conclude that the Huns came out of Mongolia and pushed westward early in the Christian era.
It was not a relentless progress; the Huns tended to war and pillage according to their felt needs, and could be content for a time with tribute. But never for long. In mid-fifth century A.D. Attila led his forces into Gaul and made Rome tremble until the Huns were turned back at present-day Orleans in 452.
There is no doubt about the Huns’ ability at war, especially on horseback, whence they could loose a volley of arrows with breathtaking speed. A modern-day Hungarian, Lajos Kassai, has resurrected the Huns’ techniques and has attracted a band of devotees to a newborn sport that they hope will one day become an Olympic event.
Roman and Christian historians tended to demonize the barbarians, whom they often described as subhuman. Only one historian whose works (partly) survive actually met Attila: Priscus, who was also a diplomat who took part in other missions in Asia Minor. Man quotes extensively from Priscus, but his own research was exhaustive and is presented with verve and humor.
This is a very readable book, and it treats not only with the Huns but also with the huge and varied tapestry of tribes who peopled the European mainland outside of Rome’s sway: Alans, Goths, Gepids, Rugians, Skirians, Akatziri, Herulians, Thuringians, Burgundians, Langobards, and more. Little do we appreciate today how rich and yet mysterious is the Western heritage.
BOB WILLIS is a retired associate editor of the editorial page.