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Weather Journal

with Kevin Myatt

Cold mornings giving way to a couple of warm afternoons

There was no freeze in Roanoke this morning, where the temperature officially fell only to 37, but many surrounding areas did experience freezing temperatures on this last day of April. May is going to start with a couple days warmup (70s, maybe low 80s) before a new cold front brings a chance of rain and thunderstorms Saturday. This is not as strong a cold front as the one early in the week, so we will probably not get as much heavy rain, the temperatures after it will not be as cold as they were this morning, and hopefully no one will experience the tornadoes that southeast Virginia got with the last system.

Flirting with freezing late tonight, Wednesday morning

Wednesday may be the last day of April but temperatures will start out cold. The mercury will probably fall below the freezing mark in the New River Valley and points westward, so a freeze warning has been issued in that area. Temperatures will probably hover near or slightly above freezing from the Roanoke Valley south and east, so a less-stringent frost advisory is in effect for those counties. It would probably be a good idea for everyone to take in any sensitive plants tonight.

For the record ... if Roanoke does happen to dip to 32 on Wednesday morning ... it would be the latest freeze in the spring since May 4, 1986. We had an April 28 freeze in 1998. This year's current last freeze date, April 16, matches 2005 as the latest since 1998.

Latest frost/freeze advisories from the National Weather Service

Destructive tornadoes strike Southeast Virginia

Photos of tornadoes in Hampton Roads area

Storm chaser films tornado at Suffolk

Reports are still coming in, but tornadoes have struck Southeast Virginia this afternoon with injuries and destruction. This was caused by the same cold front that pushed in all the heavy rain here, but hit more warmth and wind shear to our east.

The latest from the Associated Press

The latest from Norfolk's newspaper, The Virginian-Pilot

Reports of severe weather from the Storm Prediction Center

A beneficial rain will help April end as wet month

Roanoke picked up .74 inch of rain as of 5 p.m. and .52 inch on Sunday ... a total of 1.26, and since all of Sunday's rain fell from after 6 p.m., that makes it the first 1-inch-plus rain total in a 24-hour period since Oct. 26. If you want to be technical, we sill haven't had an inch on any particular calender day since the October date.

In all, we got 1.71 inches of rain since Friday, on top of 1.44 inches over 4 days a week ago, pushing our April total to 4.94 inches, more than an inch and a half above normal as the month comes to a conclusion Wednesday. We may see a few more showers overnight and early Tuesday, but it's unlikely that rain total will go up much more. It'll be our first month more than an inch above normal in precipitation since October.

While the strong cold front pushing through the area has meant beneficial rain for us, it has also produced a spate of tornado reports in the Hampton Roads area.

The next couple of mornings will be cold, relative to the season. A few snowflakes could fly in higher elevations, maybe even down to the New River Valley, on Tuesday morning, and Wednesday morning could bring patchy frost to Southwest Virginia.

Now, this should help dent the drought

Roanoke is in a break at the moment but another round of moderate to heavy rains is poised to the west. It would appear that today's rainfall will be the Star City's first inch-plus rain in a 24- hour period since October and also ensure that April is our first significantly above-average rainfall month since October. This is all ahead of a strong cold front that will bring some chilly mornings back to the area, possibly some spring frost to the deeper valleys by Wednesday morning, and maybe even some snow showers to higher elevations tonight. It will also be interesting to see on Thursday, when the new Drought Monitor comes out, how much today's rain will roll back the drought status in the area.

Latest National Weather Service-Blacksburg radar

First, rain and storms; then, cold temperatures

After a few rumblers that kicked out some hail and gusty winds, but mostly just heavy rain and lightning, there will be a little break on Sunday, before the stronger front begins pushing through Sunday night into Monday. This will not be last week's meandering, in-a-hurry-to-get-nowhere low pressure system that spun out showers for 4 days ... this one means business and will push through with gusto Monday night. Some storms could be strong to severe, especially on Monday.

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Behind the front Monday, things will take a different turn -- for the colder. Some high elevation areas along the Virginia-West Virginia border may even see snowflakes, but the bigger threat will come from the possibility that some areas could drop to freezing on Tuesday morning or Wednesday morning. If the skies clear Tuesday night and the winds calm, many areas may flirt with a freeze come Wednesday morning. The Roanoke Valley will probably stay above freezing, but we'll have to take a close look at even that come Tuesday. Below-normal temperatures are expected throughout most of the eastern half of the nation, as this map shows.

So a chance of strong thunderstorms, then chilly temperatures. What a way to close April.

Follow the flip-flopping fronts

Today a weak cold front will begrudgingly move through the area. On Sunday, that same front will move back through as a warm front, having got stuck in North Carolina. On Monday, a strong cold front will push through and sweep all this mess out.

The result will be a chance of scattered showers and thunderstorms today and Sunday, and a likelihood of showers and thunderstorms overnight Sunday into Monday. Then, some unseasonably cold weather will set in for a couple of mornings -- maybe some frost in the deeper valleys.

The Hydrometoerological Prediction Center is suggesting we might get about 2 inches of rain out of all this over the next 5 days, nearly all of which would fall over the next 3 days. If that is true, and we start getting rains like that fairly regularly, we could start to take some bites out of the long-term drought. But I'm a little skeptical that we'll get quite that much rain.

Afternoon thunderstorms: A familiar pattern begins

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It's that time of year again. The warm months around here frequently feature scattered afternoon thunderstorms that pop up with the day's heating and then disappear when the sun sets. The mountains can enhance storm development with the difference in temperature between ridges and valleys and also any "upslope" flow that may develop. A weak disturbance moving through the atmosphere has allowed a few storms to pop up around the area this afternoon, including one just west of Roanoke. The inset photo (larger version here) was taken looking northwest from the Roanoke Times roof garden, showing rain streaks blowing outward from storm clouds near Catawba. That indicates at least some outflow winds. You can never rule out isolated strong winds or small hail in storms like this. Any severe weather (58 mph-plus winds, 3/4 inch hail) would be very brief and local, and probably not existent at all. For the most part, these storms will provide a quick burst of rain and a few tree-rustling gusts, then dissipate. More organized storminess may occur over the weekend into Monday with a couple of fronts moving through. But this will get to be a redundant pattern if our summer is like most.

Another showery weekend?

Today should be a warm, dry day ... but there will be chances of showers and storms the next 4 days as a variety of fronts and disturbances move through, none of which look extreme. So we probably won't get enough rain to make a dent in the drought, but neither will the weekend be an entirely dry one for outdoor activities. Potentially, a bummer for everybody.

A thunderstorm or two slipping in the backdoor?

A weak cold front slipping to the south near or into our area today -- a so-called "backdoor" cold front -- might be enough to trigger a thunderstorm or two as it interacts with the warm air in place. This front will not be strong enough to make major changes in our weather, as it will either wash out or retreat, but might provide a boundary for a few showers or storms to fire in the afternoon heating. More significant cold fronts will be headed into our area from the more typical westerly direction Saturday and Monday. The Storm Prediction Center is even projecting a signficant severe weather risk just east of us for Monday.

Well, let's try again to get the sun out

After three days of cool, damp weather from a persistent (somebody got on to me for saying pesky, though it may fit by now) low pressure system wandering around aimlessly along the coast, maybe today will finally offer some longer breaks of sun as the low moves farther away. This low has been frustrating by keeping dank, drizzly, showery weather in place while not producing enough rain to really do anything for the drought.

Thursday and Friday look dry and warmer, but we'll just have to see how fast the wedge gets broken as to whether today will be any different than the last three have been.

Still a few showers, but winding down

The persistent upper-level low and its surface reflection are slowly moving southeast away from us, and the effects from the system will gradually diminish overnight into Tuesday. Still, the northeast wind whirling around it will push Atlantic moisture against the Blue Ridge overnight, and there could be some showers or light drizzle, which could even hang onto into the morning hours on Tuesday. Amounts will be likely be light, as the bulk of moisture, atmospheric wind shear and instability will be drifting farther south.

An unusual spin on the showers moving through

Rain has been moving into the Roanoke Valley area from an unusual direction tonight ... from the east and northeast. It's because the center of the upper-level low has shifted southeast of the area, and the spin around it is bringing in the moisture. Expect to see showers and some storms moving in from a similar direction at times overnight into Monday, though showers should slowly dwindle as time goes along. A few showers might linger into early Tuesday before the low moves far enough east for its effects to drift away.

A close call on getting additional significant rain

Whether or not we can add to the .64 inch of rain we got in Roanoke from showers and storms the last 24 hours (similar amounts across the area) depends on whether the upper-level low, as it moves east and slightly south of the area, can throw back enough moisture for a rain band to develop in our area overnight and early Monday. Right now, it appears the heaviest rain will occur just northeast of the area, but these sluggish upper-level lows often wobble and whirl a bit, so being off a few miles could make a major difference in the forecast.

Latest National Weather Service-Blacksburg radar

By the way ... severe weather reports from eastern Virginia and eastern North Carolina have included a few tornado reports today.

Some severe potential this evening

The Storm Prediction Center has put out a "mesoscale discussion" for Southwest Virginia, extending south into the Carolinas, for the potential of localized severe weather this evening. A line of moderate to heavy showers and storms pressing eastward ahead of a cold front may encounter enough atmospheric shear -- winds changing direction with height -- for enough spin to develop to kick out some brief severe-level wind gusts in a few isolated areas. The Storm Prediction Center even suggests that "a brief tornado" could be possible.

Latest National Weather Service-Blacksburg radar

Latest warnings and advisories from National Weather Service-Blacksburg

Band of rain pushing toward Southwest Virginia

A band of rain is moving across Tennessee and Kentucky overnight ahead of a slow-moving low-pressure system and cold front, and should arrive in western Virginia in some form during this afternoon or evening, a little faster than earlier forecasts. The Storm Prediction Center even thinks there may be enough daytime heating, leading to instability, plus enough winds aloft for a small chance of severe-level thunderstorm winds (58 mph or greater) and hail (3/4 inch or more). The 5 percent threat on the map indicates a 5 percent chance that such winds or hail will occur within 30 miles of any given location. It's looking more like half-inch type rain rather than widespread rains of an inch or more, but the showers could linger well into Sunday.

Rainy period ahead?

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Friday will be a warm day, likely in the low 80s in the Roanoke Valley. Enjoy it, as a rainy period could be on the way. One interpretation of what could happen is shown in the inset map (bigger version here) , which is the 5-day rainfall forecast from the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. As of Thursday night, this is the official interpretation, based on a low-pressure system poking eastward directly at us against resistant high pressure the next 3-5 days. Computer models have struggled to pinpoint how this system will move. A much more northerly track would leave us in more of a showery regime while a more southerly track would provide lighter rain and cooler weather. There's time later to refine this forecast, but suffice it to say after what could be a decent Saturday, there will be a threat of rain, needed as it may be.

From the freezer to the frying pan

I neglected to mention that Blacksburg's low of 24 on Wednesday morning set a new record, breaking the old April 16 record of 25 set in 1963.

There will be no record cold this afternoon, as highs soar into the 70s. We might see 80s on Friday.

An official freeze in Roanoke

Roanoke's temperature at 7 a.m. was 31 degrees, meaning that the city officially experienced a freeze. The average last spring freeze from 1948 to 2007 was April 12, so this would only be 4 days later than average, provided there is not another freeze later in the spring. The latest date on record for a last freeze was May 11 in 1966, though it dropped to 33 on May 22, 2003, missing a freeze 11 days later by 1 degree. The earliest date for a last spring freeze was March 18 in 1978. The last spring freeze was very early that year even though it followed an extremely cold winter.

Temperatures almost everywhere else in Southwest Virginia were below freezing for a few hours this morning. There is the potential for damage to anything that is budding or blooming, but that seems to be much less than last year, since our March wasn't as warm.

A few areas may get to freezing again Thursday morning, though the overall trend the next several days will be for much warmer weather.

Roanoke will have to drop fast to get to 32

Roanoke is still sitting at 52 degrees at 10 p.m. The dew point is low, 18 degrees, so there is plenty of room for the temperature to fall. It will have to do so hurriedly in the after-midnight hours to get us to freezing. It can do it, but I would not be surprised if the urban areas of Roanoke escape with temperatures just above freezing. Still, a close enough call to get in some sensitive plants. We'll see how it pans out.

Most outlying areas will drop below freezing by Wednesday morning, the second in a row for many locations. A freeze warning is in effect for most counties from Roanoke south and east. The counties north and west of Roanoke will get to freezing, too, but their growing season is not far enough long to warrant a freeze warning, according to the National Weather Service.

Click here for current temperatures at stations across the area

Frost could be widespread by Wednesday morning

It's been a little too warm for snow except in the higher elevations around Southwest Virginia ... we've just had chilly sprinkles with temperatures in the 40s in the Roanoke Valley. The real issue could be how much frost develops by Wednesday morning across the area. There could be some frost on Tuesday morning if the cloud blanket rolls away overnight, allowing radiational cooling to take temperatures near freezing. Tuesday night into Wednesday, however, clear skies and calm winds may take temperatures below freezing across almost all of the area, and this could allow for a widespread frost. A frost advisory is in effect for Tuesday morning and a freeze watch is in effect for Wednesday morning, which may be upgraded to a freeze warning sometime Tuesday. Though Thursday morning could be pretty cold, a warmup is expected to set in Thursday afternoon into Friday.

One can never be totally certain, but there is a good chance this will be our last bout of near freezing weather this season.

Cold snap should end by Wednesday afternoon

Temperatures will be noticeably chilly, relative to this time of year, through Wednesday morning. But with record lows for this time of year generally running in the mid 20s for Roanoke and the lower 20s for the New River Valley, this should not be anything historic. The best chance of a widespread freeze will come Wednesday morning, when clear skies and calm winds may allow temperautres to fall a few degrees more than the next two cloudy, breezy mornings. Still, this should not be anything like last April, which had four consecutive mornings of temperatures well below freezing and two weeks of off and on chill.

A few snow showers are possible in the higher elevations today through Tuesday as weak disturbances continue to move thorugh from the northwest and squeeze out what little moisture there is. Don't expect much with any of these, and the lower elevations may only see sprinkles of rain.

Temperatures should start rebounding toward normal by Wednesday afternoon and be decidedly warm by the end of the week.

A few inches of snow possible in some higher elevations

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If you want to see measurable snow in the next couple of days, the area within the blue line at left is the best chance. This region of the Great Smokies northward into some of the higher elevations of far southwest Virginia and southern West Virginia has a slight risk -- 10 percent or so -- of seeing 4 or more inches of snow Sunday night and Monday, according to the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. There is a better chance of seeing a couple of inches less than that, particularly in the very highest elevations and on west facing slopes.

All of this is being caused by a series of disturbances -- pockets of very cold air aloft -- that will be moving southeastward during the next 48 hours over the Canadian air mass that has moved in at the surface behind the cold front that moved through today. These pockets of very cold air will allow somewhat warmer air with some moisture to be lifted upward and squeezed out, producing showers of rain and snow on Sunday and Monday. As is typical in setups like this throughout the winter, the western slopes of the mountains will be favored for the heaviest precipitation, as the northwest winds guided up the mountain slopes produce extra lift. But even the lower elevations, such as the base of the Roanoke Valley, may see at least some flakes flying through the air by late Sunday night or early Monday.

It may seem a little weird to have snow this late in the season, but really, it's not an extremely unusual event. In fact, we had snow showers in mid-April just last year, and the highest elevations in our region sometimes see at least some snow into May.

The high Sierras tornado of 2004

I mentioned a tornado occurring at 12,000 feet in the Sierras in my Friday column about mountain effects on tornado activity. Here is a link to a Web site with photos and description of that tornado. It is believed to be the highest-elevation tornado ever observed in the United States.

Colder weather, possibly snow showers on the way

The approaching cold front managed to squeeze out some showers and even a few thunderstorms this morning. The threat of severe weather will be farther southeast, where the cold front will be pushing into more sun-warmed air. Later today, we'll see the winds pick up and things turn sharply colder overnight and into Sunday. With an upper-level low moving overhead late Sunday into Monday, it appears that a mix of rain and snow showers will occur across the area, as winter makes a brief mid-April encore. There probably will not be any accumulation of snow except at higher elevations, primarily 3,000 feet or more.

Storms will have hard time getting over the mountains

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There are some pretty potent storms moving our way from Kentucky and Tennessee just ahead of an approaching cold front. As I write this, there's even a tornado warning for the Pikeville, Ky., area. More than likely, these storms will not stay intact to reach the I-81 corridor. What's stopping it? Just about everything. The best wind dynamics are well to the northwest with the low near the Great Lakes. Storms to the southwest are likely to cut off Gulf of Mexico moisture. West and southwesterly winds blowing downslope may dry out the moisture even more. It's moving in overnight, when daytime heating effects will not be present. And on Saturday, storms are likely to fire well east of us.
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It is possible that we will get out of tonight with nary a drop of rain. That is exactly what the Hydrometeorlogical Prediction Center is calling for in its latest rainfall forecast map (inset at left) from this evening through Sunday evening ... talk about a rain-shadow! The white area indicates little or no rain while the lightest shade of green is 1/10 inch or less. The cold front will move through Saturday, setting us up for about 3 unseasonably cold days Sunday through Tuesday, one or two mornings of which could feature some below-freezing weather across the area. There will also be some showery rain with an upper-level low moving through, and that could change to snow in the higher elevations and possibly in the lower elevations when it is the coldest late Sunday or early Monday. Seeing some freezing temperatures, frost or even snow flurries is not extremely unusual for mid-April, so this won't be any kind of historic event. And it looks like it will be followed by a prolonged period of relative dry weather and warming.

Big storm system may only give us a glancing blow

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The familiar western Virginia rain shadow shows up in the Friday evening-Saturday projected 24-hour rainfall map from the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. If this map verifies, we could see less than a quarter-inch of rain out of showers and scattered thunderstorms tonight and Saturday with the passage of a cold front. While it is quite possible some areas will see a little more rain than that, it does appear the storm's main energy will be too far north and it will be too diffuse to provide us with the moisture or wind dynamics necessary to support the heavy rain and big storms that have been experienced in the nation's heartland. So don't expect any kind of encore to the drought-easing rains we got last weekend.

Interestingly, more precipitation is expected behind the front on Sunday and Monday than is expected by the national experts with the front itself. Some of this precipitation might not be rain, but rather snow, especially in higher elevations. I'm beginning to believe that even the Roanoke Valley could see snow showers late Sunday or early Monday. We'll get a winter encore for a few mornings, with lows near or below freezing Monday and Tuesday. Hope you haven't put out all your plants just yet.

Next week: A freeze/frost threat

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Here is a part of the reason the next 3 days carry a signficant threat of severe weather spreading from the Plains to the Ohio Valley: Unseasonably cold air from Canada will be bumping up against warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. By early next week, unseasonably cold air is likely to settle across a good bit of the eastern United States, and this could produce a freeze threat as far south as northern Florida. It probably won't have the severity or duration of last year's April freeze, and though things are greening, we're not nearly as far along with green vegetation as we were a year ago after an extremely warm March. But nevertheless, winter will make at least a brief encore visit next week. Between now and then, enjoy the warmth Thursday and Friday before a chance of rain and storms Friday evening into Saturday as the cold front moves in.

I wouldn't even rule out the possibility of seeing some snowflakes in the air about Sunday or Monday, especially over the higher elevations.

Nation's mid-section likely to light up with severe storms

Today and Thursday carry the risk of a large-scale severe weather outbreak developing in the nation's heartland. The Storm Prediction Center has, as of very early this morning, placed a moderate risk of severe weather each day, moving from the southern Plains states today to the lower Mississippi River valley come Thursday. (Click here for the latest storm outlooks from SPC) A strong low pressure system will be winding up, pulling up moisture through the central U.S. from the Gulf of Mexico. The low will also drag a cold front and dry air to collide with the warm, moist air. Even more importantly, winds aloft will be shifting from southerly and southeasterly near the surface to more southwesterly and westerly the higher one gets from the ground. These changing wind directions are called "shear" and can give an extra spin to thunderstorms, the kind of spin that creates long-lasting supercells, very large hail, extremely high winds, and possibly tornadoes. None of this is abnormal -- it is April, after all -- but the intensity of the situation could be extreme. Most of this activity will stay west of us -- we might get some showers or storms out of this system by the weekend.

Severe weather where it's supposed to be in early spring

One thing that has been normal about this spring is the pace at which severe weather has progressed northward across the United States.

Through the late winter and into early March, the nation’s worst storms broke out along the Gulf of Mexico coast, the Deep South, the lower Mississippi River Valley, and occasionally into the Tennessee Valley. The Feb. 5 tornado outbreak that killed 59 was extreme by any definition, bu